| Synchronous in-person cardiac rehabilitation | A traditional cardiac rehabilitation delivery model in which patients and healthcare professionals interact directly at the same location and time to perform exercise training and comprehensive cardiac rehabilitation interventions. This model includes the concept of center-based cardiac rehabilitation. |
| Digital technology-enabled cardiac rehabilitation | A comprehensive concept that provides the core components of cardiac rehabilitation using internet-based platforms, mobile devices, wearable sensors, and data analytics technologies. |
| Virtual cardiac rehabilitation | A cardiac rehabilitation delivery model in which patients and healthcare professionals interact in real time through synchronous audio–visual communication while being in different settings. |
| Asynchronous/remote cardiac rehabilitation | A delivery model in which patients and healthcare professionals are not connected simultaneously; exercise and health-related data generated by patients are stored and transmitted for subsequent review and feedback by healthcare professionals. |
| Hybrid cardiac rehabilitation | A delivery model that combines synchronous, in-person cardiac rehabilitation with virtual or asynchronous telerehabilitation modalities, tailored according to the patient’s clinical status and preferences. |