| Education | Educations for risk factors (smoking cessation, diet, physical activity, diabetes, hypertension, obesity, stress control) |
| Evaluation | Cardiopulmonary exercise stress testing (exercise electrocardiogram, cardiovascular response, gas analysis, maximal oxygen consumption, etc.)Risk factor stratification, comorbidity assessment, exercise function test, psychological evaluation etc. |
| Treatment | Individual exercise prescription, hospital-based cardiac rehabilitation (monitored exercise), home-based cardiac rehabilitation |
| Follow up | Re-evaluation and re-education → enhancing healthy life style |